MALE GRAY JUNIOR TEEN

Position		Name	Points	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1		Fernando Hashimoto Rul Bjj JPN	33.26	18	0	0
2		Isaac Barbosa Camarillo Jiujitsu USA	24.16	4	0	0
3		Kole Smith Lotus Club USA	22.06	4	0	0
4		Yuma Omote Mach Dojo JPN	21.00	3	0	0
5		Yoshimura Kyouya Impacto Bjj Japan JPN	18.36	8	4	0
6		Angelo Cadiente Jr. Checkmat USA	17.86	6	0	0
7		Alister Castillo Brazilian Top Team USA	16.00	4	2	0
8		Nate Goodman Ufc Gym USA	15.46	2	2	0
9		Kauan Isiye Kussano Team JPN	15.06	8	0	0
10		Andrew Gutierrez Gracie Barra B USA	14.70	2	0	0
10		Joshua Sy Go Lion Heart Jiujitsu Academy USA	14.70	2	0	0
10		Jyuki Otuka Freedom@oz JPN	14.70	2	0	0
11		Tyler Hernandez Lotus Club USA	14.25	2	2	0
12		Joseph Cruz Nova Uniao USA	14.00	4	0	0
12		Kamrin Chapman Clark Gracie Jiu Jitsu USA	14.00	4	0	0
13		Nolan Stuart Brea Jiu-jitsu USA	13.66	2	0	2
14		Taichi Osafune Mephose Jiujitsu Academy JPN	13.20	2	1	0
15		Christian Hiar Team Wise USA	12.60	2	0	0
15		Cody Yanez Gracie Barra USA	12.60	2	0	0
15		Diego Lemus C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	12.60	2	0	0
15		Ethan Krey C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	12.60	2	0	0
15		Jaden Eun Gracie Barra USA	12.60	2	0	0
15		Nicholas Arguelles Morumbi Jiu Jitsu Academy USA	12.60	2	0	0
16		Vinicios Higa Carlos Toyota Bjj BRA	12.30	2	0	1
17		Addison Chen C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	11.56	2	0	0
17		Jake Mallari Cobrinha Bjj USA	11.56	2	0	0
17		Joshua Iriye Speedy Bjj USA	11.56	2	0	0
17		Lincoln Suttner 4s Brazilian Jiu Jitsu USA	11.56	2	0	0
17		Manuel Unzueta C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	11.56	2	0	0
17		Noah Will Huntington Beach Ultimate Training Center USA	11.56	2	0	0
17		Tai-alexander Urban Watts Brazilian Jiu Jitsu USA	11.56	2	0	0
18		Aren Kimura Jump Fight Club JPN	11.00	1	1	0
19		Yusei Komatsu Splash JPN	10.85	2	0	0
20		Blake Wade Art Of Jiu Jitsu USA	10.50	2	0	0
20		Diego Garcia Sandstorm Tactics USA	10.50	2	0	0
20		Richard Rodriguez Jr Checkmat USA	10.50	2	0	0
21		Hiroaki Kato Ambitious Jiu Jitsu JPN	9.25	1	3	1
22		Miku Toyoda X-treme Ebina JPN	8.85	2	1	0
23		Kaito Uehara Grabaka JPN	8.66	4	2	0
24		Yugo Furukawa Paraestra Ikebukuro JPN	8.50	0	3	1
25		Dominic Kaneshi Infight Japan JPN	8.40	1	0	0
25		Ryuuga Takayanagi Bonsai Jiu-jitsu Japan JPN	8.40	1	0	0
26		Ayato Uno Splash JPN	8.30	1	2	0
27		Youzhe Lan Honor Jiu Jitsu Academy CHN	8.05	2	0	0
28		Benedek Magyar Gracie Barra USA	8.00	2	2	0
29		Jack Mills Gracie Barra USA	7.95	0	2	2
30		Steven Nikoui C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	7.70	4	0	0
31		Haruto Katoh Pogona Club Gym JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Ituki Kuribayashi Paraestra Fukuoka Ide Dojo JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Keiji Yoshitake Academia Vitoria JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Morisaki Sou Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Nishio Haruto Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Shibano Motoi Bjj Academy Nobushi JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Shota Yamagata Scorpion Gym JPN	7.70	1	0	0
31		Urushida Yamato Bjj Academy Nobushi JPN	7.70	1	0	0
32		Tyler Mccown Mamute Jiu-jitsu USA	7.35	4	0	0
33		Edy Nozawa Tribe Tokyo M.m.a JPN	7.35	2	0	0
33		Keito Iijima Paraestra Tb JPN	7.35	2	0	0
34		Yamato Nousaka Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	7.15	1	1	0
35		Gentoku Imaizumi Bjj Dousin JPN	7.00	4	0	0
35		Itsuki Takahashi Carpe Diem JPN	7.00	4	0	0
35		Ramon Teixeira Gf Team BRA	7.00	4	0	0
36		Rei Inoue X-treme Ebina JPN	7.00	1	0	0
36		Seisyo Kamakura Gsb Tajimi JPN	7.00	1	0	0
36		Sho Yamasaki Destiny Jiu Jitsu JPN	7.00	1	0	0
36		Takeshichirou Noda Splash JPN	7.00	1	0	0
36		Temma Nakano Axross Jiu Jitsu JPN	7.00	1	0	0
36		Yamato Naito Sakura Judo Juku JPN	7.00	1	0	0
37		Andrew Condo Lotus Club USA	6.55	0	4	2
38		Andrew Iniguez Other USA	6.46	0	2	2
39		Reymundo Esparza South Valley Jiu Jitsu USA	6.30	0	2	0
40		Zenya Sam The Gc JPN	6.00	0	2	0
41		Kouki Nishida Seishin Bjj JPN	5.90	0	6	4
42		Ivan Rodriguez Jr. C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	5.66	0	4	4
43		Kazuo Katagiri Impacto Bjj Japan JPN	5.55	2	2	2
44		Diego Avila Sentosa Martial Arts USA	5.40	0	2	0
44		Jaeden Capule Champions Brazilian Jiu Jitsu USA	5.40	0	2	0
44		Marlon Atuatasi C-quence Jiu Jitsu USA	5.40	0	2	0
44		Patrick Hsieh Higher Ground Bjj USA	5.40	0	2	0
44		Roberto Torres Lotus Club USA	5.40	0	2	0
44		Seth Meisinger Checkmat USA	5.40	0	2	0
45		Ryan Benavides Carlson Gracie Team USA	5.35	2	2	0
46		Sho Ishihara X-treme Ebina JPN	5.35	1	1	0
47		Ayumu Nakagawa Carpe Diem JPN	5.16	2	2	0
48		Noah Dulioust Bushido China FRA	5.15	1	1	0
49		Hector Reyes Gracie Barra USA	5.05	0	2	2
50		Mario Ikeda Carlson Gracie Team JPN	5.00	2	2	0
51		Issa Ashraf Carpe Diem Bjj Jiyugaoka JPN	5.00	1	1	0
52		Ise Matsuda Impacto Bjj Japan JPN	4.96	0	4	6
53		Anthony Galvez Bjmuta USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Christopher Holt Gracie Barra USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Christopher Menchaca Gracie Barra Northridge USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Isaiah Ayala Babalu's Iron Gym USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Nathan Nichols Art Of Jiu Jitsu USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Noah Endo Centerline Gym USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Sebastian Tolentino Gracie Barra B USA	4.96	0	2	0
53		Tristen Nguyen Gracie Barra USA	4.96	0	2	0
54		Hayato Otuji Mephose Jiujitsu Academy JPN	4.85	1	0	1
55		Riki Sasaki Destiny Jiu Jitsu JPN	4.65	0	2	0
56		Benjamin Setum Checkmat USA	4.50	0	2	0
56		Bryan Thompson 4s Bjj USA	4.50	0	2	0
56		Igor Shabalov Team Wise USA	4.50	0	2	0
56		Nathan Endo Centerline Gym USA	4.50	0	2	0
56		Nicholas Steslicki Gracie Barra USA	4.50	0	2	0
56		Ryan Sanchez Kings Mma USA	4.50	0	2	0
57		Ehara Ao Bjj Academy Nobushi JPN	4.35	0	1	2
58		Kohaku Sato Aacc JPN	4.30	0	1	1
59		Riku Yasumoto Carpediem Mita JPN	4.20	1	0	0
59		Ryunosuke Koga Carpe Diem Kurume JPN	4.20	1	0	0
59		Tzu Ching Chiu Hsinchu B J J TAI	4.20	1	0	0
60		Dominic Trujillo Caio Terra Academy USA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Ezekiel Gomez Gustavo Dantas Brazilian Jiu-jitsu USA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Isaac Barraza Camarillo Jiujitsu USA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Josh Ybanez Atos Jiu-jitsu PHL	3.86	2	0	0
60		João Silva Gracie Humaita BRA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Juan Rodriguez Gracie Barra USA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Kaua Carvalho Gf Team BRA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Luiz Santos Gf Team BRA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Marcos Almeida Charlie Brown Team Cbt BRA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Paulo Souza Nova Uniao BRA	3.86	2	0	0
60		Rikisho Kitazume Hero Z Kick And Boxing Gym JPN	3.86	2	0	0
60		Ryuki Nakano Rb Academy JPN	3.86	2	0	0
61		Han Wei Zi Energy Mma Club CHN	3.85	1	0	0
61		Yan-cheng Yeh Taiwan B J J TAI	3.85	1	0	0
61		宇辰 罗 Absolute Mma Shanghai USA	3.85	1	0	0
62		Kikuchi Toa Bjj Academy Nobushi JPN	3.60	0	1	0
63		Aidan Holton Lotus Club USA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Alexander Romero C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Anji Izuoka Carpe Diem JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Elijah Mendibles Higherground Bjj USA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Elijah Moreida Checkmat USA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Erik Nogueira Nova Opcao JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Fuga Mochizuki Zendo - Kai Jiu Jitsu JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Genki Narumi Bull-terrier Bon-sai JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Gustavo Almeida Equipe Josiel Silva BRA	3.50	2	0	0
63		João Fontes Equipe Josiel Silva BRA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Juan Sezario Pr1mera Fight Association BRA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Kenneth Harvey Carlson Gracie Team USA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Lucas Fukada Bull-terrier Bon-sai JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Matheus Coelho Equipe Josiel Silva BRA	3.50	2	0	0
63		Reiji Uchida Bjj Academy Nobushi JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Renan Izuhara Impacto Bjj Japan JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Souta Masuda Strapple Setagaya Jiyugaoka JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Toma Yokokawa The Blackbelt Japan JPN	3.50	2	0	0
63		Vitor Tada Rul Bjj JPN	3.50	2	0	0
64		Kenta Mizutani Taisho Jiu Jitsu Academy JPN	3.50	1	0	0
64		Xikun Zhu Zen Team CHN	3.50	1	0	0
64		Hayatora Mitsumori Mach Dojo JPN	3.50	1	0	0
64		Kota Takazawa Igloo JPN	3.50	1	0	0
64		Minami Reishin Bushokan Dojo JPN	3.50	1	0	0
64		Tachibana Keigo Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	3.50	1	0	0
64		Yohta Renbutsu X-treme Ebina JPN	3.50	1	0	0
64		焘宇 邹 Gfteam Fagner Cardoso CHN	3.50	1	0	0
65		Carter Cortes Tillis Brazilian Jiu Jitsu USA	3.30	0	4	0
66		Akitsugu Kondou Team Kizuna JPN	3.30	0	1	0
66		Daichi Kai Master Japan Fukuoka JPN	3.30	0	1	0
66		Goto Shougo Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	3.30	0	1	0
66		Kenshiro Baba Tatoru JPN	3.30	0	1	0
66		Misao Aoyama Fukuzumi Jiu-jitsu JPN	3.30	0	1	0
66		Ouichiro Kobayasi Nex JPN	3.30	0	1	0
66		Takeru Sawakami Bjj Coach Jaws JPN	3.30	0	1	0
67		Vitor Bazeth Other BRA	3.15	2	2	0
68		Flavio Shiraishi Tree Brazilian Jiu Jitsu JPN	3.00	2	2	0
69		Eijiro Fukuda Grabaka JPN	3.00	0	4	0
69		Haku Nishijima Jaws Jiu-jitsu JPN	3.00	0	4	0
69		Jason Vasquez Pacific Top Team USA	3.00	0	4	0
70		Annku Setoguchi Paraestra Koiwa JPN	3.00	0	1	0
70		Dai Watabe Mephose Jiujitsu Academy JPN	3.00	0	1	0
70		Daniel Hideyuki Kishi Ninomiya Bonsai Jiu-jitsu Japan BRA	3.00	0	1	0
70		Dominic Campos Ivan Sakamoto Bjj Okinawa USA	3.00	0	1	0
70		Gabriel Tadayoshi Kitads Bjj Coach Jaws JPN	3.00	0	1	0
70		Oo Ryan Alavanca Jiu Jitsu JPN	3.00	0	1	0
71		Amon Inoue Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	2.75	0	1	1
72		Ayatou Naruse Over Limit Jiu Jitsu Japan JPN	2.60	0	2	4
73		Shoma Hakozaki Axis JPN	2.60	0	1	1
74		Leonardo Corsato Impacto Bjj Japan JPN	2.20	0	2	2
75		Brayden Offord Gracie Barra USA	2.10	0	0	2
75		Shougo Suwa X-treme Ebina JPN	2.10	0	0	2
76		Ethan Gonzalez Ufc Gym Bjj USA	2.05	0	2	2
76		Zander Cadena Gracie Barra USA	2.05	0	2	2
77		Hikaru Kono Carpediem Mita JPN	2.05	0	1	1
77		Taishi Ashraf Carpe Diem Bjj Jiyugaoka JPN	2.05	0	1	1
78		Gabriel Linarez Elite Team Lemoore Jiu Jitsu USA	2.05	0	0	4
79		Miyabe Kotarou Destiny Jiu Jitsu JPN	1.80	0	1	0
80		Brock Penna Gracie Barra USA	1.80	0	0	2
80		Jared Jenvey Other USA	1.80	0	0	2
80		John Brinkman Art Of Jiu Jitsu USA	1.80	0	0	2
80		Luis Merino Team Braga Jiu Jitsu USA	1.80	0	0	2
80		Michael Zavala Gracie Barra USA	1.80	0	0	2
80		Nathan Mcintyre Da Silva Aloisio Silva Bjj USA	1.80	0	0	2
80		Nick Sibiryakov Team Wise USA	1.80	0	0	2
81		Bryant Shaw Zr Team USA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Dennys Gama Nova Uniao BRA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Dominik Shields Checkmat USA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Dylan Tamura Rodrigo Gracie Academy USA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Erick Resendiz Carlson Gracie Team USA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Ethan Duke Gracie Arizona USA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Jumah Itliong John Baylon Clube De Jiu Jistu PHL	1.65	0	2	0
81		Luiz Barros Projeto Social Ate O Ultimo Homem BRA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Luiz Vieira Nova Uniao BRA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Miguel Lima Soul Fighters BRA	1.65	0	2	0
81		Shodai Kitazume Hero Z Kick And Boxing Gym JPN	1.65	0	2	0
81		Yuto Sugiyama Strapple Setagaya Jiyugaoka JPN	1.65	0	2	0
81		Yuuta Kamimura Bjj Coach Jaws JPN	1.65	0	2	0
82		Kejun Lu Team Carvalho Asia CHN	1.65	0	1	0
82		Minaho Aburai Alavanca Jiu Jitsu JPN	1.65	0	1	0
82		Je Lun Chang Other CHN	1.65	0	1	0
82		Takuto Mori Trydent Gym JPN	1.65	0	1	0
82		Yucheng Liu Hsinchu B J J TAI	1.65	0	1	0
82		Zu Lin Fan Inglorious Grapplers China CHN	1.65	0	1	0
83		Ariivai Virassamy Tahitian Top Team PYF	1.65	0	0	2
83		Christian Balingit One Jiu Jitsu And Fitness USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Dylan Zotea Gracie Barra USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Jacob Wilson Gracie Humaita Temecula USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Joshua Trevino Gracie Barra USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Matthew Santana Phenom Brazilian Jiu-jitsu USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Sebastian Montes C-quence Jiu-jitsu USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Thomas Healey San Diego Brazilian Jiu Jitsu USA	1.65	0	0	2
83		Tucker Estrada Bakersfield Bjj USA	1.65	0	0	2
84		Caio Oliveira Art Fusion Jiu-jitsu BRA	1.50	2	0	0
84		Renan Maciel Titanes BRA	1.50	2	0	0
85		Chenyu Ye Inglorious Grapplers China CHN	1.50	1	0	0
85		Hanbin Wu Inglorious Grapplers China CHN	1.50	1	0	0
86		Brayden Herrman Other USA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Eric Miura Sekitani Jiu Jitsu Academy JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Felipe Moriya Bjj Coach Jaws JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Gustavo Serpa Nova Uniao BRA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Higashika Seikou Nex JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		João Chrispim Troia Jiu-jitsu BRA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Junior Resende Impacto Bjj Japan JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Kenjii Kawano Infight Japan JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Kuan- Cheng Lin Hsinchu B J J TAI	1.50	0	2	0
86		Layne Johnston Checkmat USA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Lucas Bonifacio Nova Vbt BRA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Mason Shepherd Lotus Club USA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Miguel Fontanilla Ohana Bjj Misawa / Triton Fight Center Japan JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Murilo Anacleto Pbng BRA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Riku Okajima Fukuzumi Jiu-jitsu JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Royce Tuncar Gracie Barra USA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Ryunosuke Onuma Rb Academy JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Sotaro Otani Bjj Dousin JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Tanaka Tenshow Strapple Setagaya Jiyugaoka JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Wallace Oliveira Top Brother BRA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Yago Machado Carlson Gracie Team BRA	1.50	0	2	0
86		Youku Sugiyama Yoseikan JPN	1.50	0	2	0
86		Yudai Toh Paraestra Tb JPN	1.50	0	2	0
87		King Yuen Lau 柳景源 Shenzhen Pengxing Experimental School CHN	1.50	0	1	0
87		Yuuki Ikeda Carlos Toyota Bjj JPN	1.50	0	1	0
87		Chan Hui Woo Zebra Gym CHN	1.50	0	1	0
87		Eito Shimizu Paraestra Koiwa JPN	1.50	0	1	0
87		Gouki Ostu Ambitious Jiu Jitsu JPN	1.50	0	1	0
87		Kazuya Kimura Paraestra Fukuoka Ide Dojo JPN	1.50	0	1	0
87		Ryota Konno Checkmat Japan JPN	1.50	0	1	0
87		慬熠 何 Equilibrium Mma CHN	1.50	0	1	0
87		禹涵 姜 Artist Mma Academy CHN	1.50	0	1	0
87		鉄太 渡辺 Bonsai Jiu-jitsu Japan JPN	1.50	0	1	0
88		Jaxon Clark Other USA	1.50	0	0	2
88		Mason Zoller Checkmat USA	1.50	0	0	2
88		Nick Miranda Checkmat USA	1.50	0	0	2
88		Pepe Lacerda Gracie Barra Huntington Beach USA	1.50	0	0	2
89		Felipe Naoki Dantas Lima Infight Japan JPN	1.20	0	0	1
90		Zhengxi Wu Shbjj Academy CHN	1.15	0	0	2
91		Taiyo Hayashida Buffalo Jiu-jitsu JPN	1.10	0	0	1
91		Etsushi Omatsu Itoshima Brazilian Jiujitsu Clube JPN	1.10	0	0	1
91		Kohsei Morishita Splash JPN	1.10	0	0	1
91		Kojiro Koga Carpe Diem Kurume JPN	1.10	0	0	1
91		Kotaro Ono Scorpion Gym JPN	1.10	0	0	1
91		Mei Shimizu Sora Bjj JPN	1.10	0	0	1
92		Raiki Somehara Bjj Coach Jaws BRA	1.00	0	0	1
92		Seon Ueda Destiny Jiu Jitsu JPN	1.00	0	0	1
92		Yuushin Inomata Pogona Club Gym JPN	1.00	0	0	1
92		Zachary Inafuku Uprising Jiu Jitsu JPN	1.00	0	0	1
93		Anthony Cadiente Checkmat USA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Beatriz Kina Nova Uniao JPN	0.56	0	0	2
93		Chikara Koli Mybjj Team JPN	0.56	0	0	2
93		Christian Cazar Over Limit Jiu Jitsu Japan PHL	0.56	0	0	2
93		Daniel Leite Pr1mera Fight Association BRA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Henry Pinheiro Nova Uniao BRA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Issa Yamamoto Paraestra Izumi JPN	0.56	0	0	2
93		Jet Charter Gracie Barra USA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Pablo Eleoterio Gf Team BRA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Richardy Nascimento Gracie Humaita BRA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Ronald Nascimento Pr1mera Fight Association BRA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Takeshi Yamao Tri-force Osaka JPN	0.56	0	0	2
93		Toby Worrell Inverse Jj USA	0.56	0	0	2
93		Tyler Mckay Carlos Farias Bjj USA	0.56	0	0	2
94		Goto Takuto Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	0.55	0	0	1
94		Hsin Yao Liu Pma Bjj TAI	0.55	0	0	1
94		Yuna Hirose Paraestra Fukuoka Ide Dojo JPN	0.55	0	0	1
94		Yuta Imai Paraestra Kitakyushu JPN	0.55	0	0	1
94		悠和 中山 Bushokan Dojo JPN	0.55	0	0	1
95		Camilo Santisteban Infinity Bjj USA	0.50	0	0	2
95		Tyler Hamm Fluid Martial Arts USA	0.50	0	0	2
96		Toki Nishioka Forest + JPN	0.50	0	0	1
96		Zekun Wang Xin Brazilian Jiu-jitsu CHN	0.50	0	0	1
96		Jariel Ng Over Limit Jiu Jitsu China SGP	0.50	0	0	1
96		Kojima Taiyo Axis JPN	0.50	0	0	1
96		Kokoro Suzuki Axis Yokohama JPN	0.50	0	0	1
96		Shusuke Fujita Paraestra Tb JPN	0.50	0	0	1
96		遥太 早瀬 Nr Jiu-jitsu JPN	0.50	0	0	1